Vibration and Prevention Methods in Lathe Machining

Lathe vibration can be divided into forced vibration and self-excited vibration. Below are details on these two types and their prevention methods.

Forced Vibration: Vibration caused by periodic external forces. Examples include unbalance of motors, high-speed grinding wheels, and pulleys; inconsistent belt thickness or length; or unstable oil pump operation. These excite relative vibration between lathe parts, affecting accuracy, roughness, and roundness. For machines with rotating tools or parts, vibration also affects rotation accuracy.

Methods to Eliminate Forced Vibration:

Balance parts with high rotation speeds (600r/min or above) (static and dynamic balance) or install automatic balancing and damping devices.

Adjust clearances of bearings and gibs to change the system's natural frequency and avoid resonance; adjust motion parameters to keep the source frequency away from the natural frequency.

Improve the stability of transmission devices. Use seamless belts, ensure consistent belt lengths, replace spur gears with helical gears, and install flywheels on the main shaft, etc.

On precision grinders, use vane pumps instead of gear pumps and use buffering devices in hydraulic systems to eliminate motion impact.